This chapter focuses on the history of Reiki which originated from Mrs. Takata and is still the one most commonly taught. It was the original history chapter in The Complete Guide to Reiki, with only a few updates in this revision. I weighed eliminating it and including only a chapter that included a much broader cross section of what is now known about the origins of Reiki. The more I considered that, however, the more I realized the importance of this story and the comments I made about it when originally completing the book.
I have, therefore, chosen to leave it in. I have included a separate chapter, following this one, which includes a broad sampling of the more recent finds regarding Reiki's history.
As you will come to understand, Mrs. Takata is without a doubt the person who brought Reiki to the west. Below is the history of the system as she presented it most often. I feel it is important to honor her memory and the gift she gave to all of us by continuing to make it available.
THE TRADITIONAL HISTORY OF REIKI
In late 1936, Reiki came to America from Japan through the return of a women who would become the first western master, Hawayo Takata. Shortly there after, most likely due to World War II, Reiki's Japanese roots were lost forever. It is presumed that they perished because of the war. No one knows what became of the eleven masters working in Japan at that time. Dr. Hayashi is said to have chosen to end his life rather than go to war, an act which was diametrically opposed to the healing he had devoted the latter part of his life to. Because of this, all that we know about Reiki comes from Mrs. Takata. In her classes, she is said to have often presented the history of the profession as follows. Most Reiki schools and authors have presented it defacto and without further research.
THE REIKI MYTH
Reiki is an ancient healing art which was rediscovered in the late 19th century by a Japanese Christian educator and minister named Dr. Mikao Usui. Dr. Usui was the head master of, or a teacher at, the Christian school in Kyoto, Japan. One day, one or several of his senior students came to him and asked if he believed the Bible to be literally true. When he replied that he did, they became very excited and asked him to perform a miracle similar to the ones that Jesus had done. "These things and greater you shall also do," was the verse they called upon in challenging him. When he was unable to comply with their request, Dr. Usui decided that his was blind faith and he went on a quest for the spiritual connection written about in the bible.
After resigning from the Christian school in Kyoto, he decided to go to the United States, the "home" of Christianity, in search of the answers he sought. In America, he chose to study at the University of Chicago, which contains one of the top religious schools in the world. He spent between three and seven years engaged in his studies, before realizing that the answers were not there to be found.
Disillusioned, he began to study other religious scriptures and eventually concentrated on the Buddhist sutras, having heard that the Buddha had performed miracles long before Jesus. He decided to return to Japan, and began to search through the many Buddhist temples in hopes of finding the knowledge about how to heal like Buddha and Jesus did. In each monastery, the monks told him the same thing, "We concentrate on healing the spirit now and although we realize that we once knew how to heal the body, we no longer do." Finally, Dr. Usui met an abbot (the leader of a monastery) who was fascinated by his quest and invited him to stay and pursue his studies. Dr. Usui did so, first studying the sutras in Japanese, then in Chinese and finally in their original Sanskrit where he found the "keys" he was looking for, the symbols.
By this time the learned scholar was wise enough to know that the symbols were not enough. He needed a way to tap into the energy which they represented, so he returned to the abbot for advice. After reflecting on it, it was decided that Dr. Usui would go to a sacred mountain a few miles outside of Kyoto, to fast and meditate for twenty-one days with the expectation that he would receive empowerment and instruction on using the symbols.
When he arrived at the top of the mountain, he collected a pile of twenty-one small stones to keep track of the days. Each morning when he arose, he would throw one off the mountainside and begin meditating. On the last day of his retreat, Dr. Usui rose early and sat in darkness wondering if it had all been for nothing. He then took his final stone and cast it off the mountain. Just as he did so, a light appeared off in the distance moving rapidly towards him. He realized that it would strike him if he did not run, but decided to stand his ground as he remembered the years he had spent on his search leading up to this moment of climax.
The light stuck him in the third eye, right in the middle of his forehead. As it did so he saw and experienced the energy and the colors of the universal rays. Soon these were washed away by intense white light and he began to see huge bubbles floating before his eyes, each containing one of the Reiki symbols. As a bubble would come into his view, he would be instructed in the energy represented by the symbol, and how it could be used. When the information was committed to memory, the next bubble would come. There were four bubbles in all, each containing a separate symbol. In this way, Dr. Usui received full instruction on healing with Reiki energy.
When he awoke immersed in the bright light of day, he completely remembered all that had transpired when the light struck his forehead and immediately took off down the mountain, excited and energized by his experience. As he ran, he accidentally stubbed his toe on some rocks. Instinctually he reached down and placed his hands around it. As he did so he felt a considerable amount of warmth, and shortly thereafter the pain and swelling were gone. This was his first miracle.
As he continued down the mountainside, he came to a restaurant and seated himself at a table. An old man came to take his order and, seeing Dr. Usui's condition, could tell that he was a monk who had been meditating up on the mountain. Anyone familiar with fasting knows that it takes a day or longer to reacclimate the body to normal levels and types of food. Eating a large meal after fasting can do severe damage and even result in death. For this reason, the restaurant owner was reluctant to bring Dr. Usui the big meal he requested.
Dr. Usui, however, was insistent that he be served what he had ordered, and so the elderly gentleman prepared it and had his granddaughter bring it out to him. As this young lady presented him with his food, Dr. Usui noticed that she was in a great deal of pain from an infected tooth. He then asked if she would like to be healed and placed his hands over her cheeks. The level of pain and swelling immediately went down, and before long the area was completely healed. In gratitude Dr. Usui was not charged for the meal, which he ate in earnest with no ill effects. These were his second and third miracles.
When Dr. Usui returned to the monastery to speak with the abbot about how to use his new gift, he learned that the abbot was suffering from great arthritic pain. Immediately he told him of what had occurred in the days since they had last spoken. He then asked the abbot if he would like him to heal his arthritis, and promptly did so. The abbot was greatly impressed, and the two men decided to meditate on what should be done with Dr. Usui's new found ability and knowledge.
From this period of reflection, Dr. Usui felt strongly that he should go serve the most needy, those in the local slums. The slums were a very unsafe place, even for a holy man, and the beggars were banded together into a social hierarchy for their mutual protection and support. When he arrived in the slums, Dr. Usui sought out the leader and presented his offer of healing. In exchange for three bowls of rice a day, he agreed to heal the beggars so that they could return to the temple, get new names, and proceed to lead a normal life of health and abundance.
His request was granted and he immediately went to work. After a couple of years, he began to recognize what he felt were familiar faces. One day he walked up to one of the familiar looking beggars and asked if they had met before. "Of course," the young man replied, "you healed me over a year ago." When Dr. Usui asked why the man had returned to the slums after being healed, the man responded that he had done exactly as he was told to do. He had gone to the temple, received a new name and began living a responsible life. He went on to explain how difficult it was to earn a living and live responsibly, and how it was simply easier and preferable to be a beggar.
Dr. Usui found the young man's words very disheartening and discouraging, and soon found many others who had also returned to the slums for much the same reason. In a state of disillusionment, he left the slums, returned to the monastery, and retreated into a time of reflection and meditation.
He soon realized that, although he had been successful in healing the beggars, he had only done so on the physical level. He had continued to allow them to be beggars by placing no value on his service of healing. At this time he added what would later come to be called the Five Principles of Reiki to the Usui Reiki System of Natural Healing. These are covered in detail in another chapter.
Next he began to travel throughout Japan, teaching his healing system and empowering others to use it. When he arrived in a town where he didn't know anyone, he would walk through its busiest streets carrying a lighted torch to gather attention. Anyone who asked why he was carrying a torch in the middle of the day would get invited to a meeting that evening where, he said, they would truly learn about light. At the meeting, he would give the history of Reiki, and describe his experiences with the energy. He would then attune whoever wanted to learn how to heal with it.
It wasn't long before he developed a large following of students. At some point in the 1920's, he met the man who would become his principle benefactor and assist him by financing a series of clinics in Japan where people could go to be healed with Reiki, and where documented records could be kept on the client's progress. This benefactor was Dr. Chujiro Hayashi, a retired navel officer. Upon the transition of Dr. Usui, Dr. Hayashi continued on with the work of spreading Reiki and documenting its effectiveness.
The clinic that Dr. Hayashi worked in personally was located in Tokyo. Because of its location and the fact that Dr. Hayashi came from a very prominent family, it attracted clients from the highest ranks of Japanese society, including the royal family. It was into this clinic that a young woman, who would someday be the sole bearer of the Reiki torch, entered in the Fall of 1935.
Hawayo Takata was born into a poor, partially Japanese family in Hawaii. Her life included many struggles up to the Fall of 1935 including her husband's death at the young age of thirty-five and severe stress and physical problems which came after it. It was nearing the end of Summer in 1935 when her doctor informed her that she would need surgery for an abdominal condition. Family circumstances warranted a trip to Japan, and while there she sought the surgery she needed at a local hospital in Tokyo.
While the preparations were being made, and she rested on the operating table, a curious thing happened. A voice came to her saying, "Operation not necessary." She looked around and saw no one, and the voice repeated itself. Then the voice said, "Ask the head surgeon." When she did so, he informed her of the other treatment methods available, including Reiki.
The rest, as they say, is history. During her stay at Dr. Hayashi's clinic, she was amazed at how effective the Reiki treatments were and repeatedly asked to be allowed to become a practitioner. Such a position was hardly a woman's place in the Japan of that era, so she was always flatly turned down. The fact that she was not Japanese certainly didn't help her case.
Details from this period in the history are sketchy and few, however Fran Brown states in Living Reiki (Mrs. Takata's official biography) that she was accepted into a one year internship in 1935 and initiated into second degree at the end of it in 1936. She also goes on to state that both Mrs. Takata and Dr. Hayashi's wife were both initiated into the master level prior to Mrs. Takata returning to Hawaii in October of 1936.
The public records from this period show that on February 21, 1938, as her certificate reads, Mrs. Takata was made a "Master of the Usui Reiki System of Drugless Healing" by Dr. Hayashi. In all, Mrs. Takata is said to have initiated somewhere between twenty and thirty masters, with twenty-two being considered officially recognized teachers of the profession. She taught all of her classes in a very intuitive way which, while beneficial for the students involved, has caused a great deal of divisiveness in the Reiki community since her death.
THE REIKI MYTH EXPLORED
There are several parts of the story of Reiki which are quite contrary to both common sense, and the history of the period in Japan. To begin with, it is doubtful that any Japanese national would have been allowed to become the director of a Christian school during the period she spoke about in relation to Dr. Usui. Additionally, neither the school that she is alleged to have spoken of, nor the University of Chicago have any record of Dr. Usui. Both have made extensive assurances that their records are very accurate.
It is much more likely that Dr. Usui (a very common name similar to Smith in the United States) was a Buddhist monk. Records of him seem to be lost in the sands of time, however the system as named on Mrs. Takata's mastership certificate (which is notarized and on file in Hawaii) does bear his name, so it is likely that he did exist. Otherwise it would probably be called the Hayashi Reiki System of Drugless Healing. So, why the story of Christianity? The answer may be quite simple.
To unravel the mystery, we must take into account the fact that Mrs. Takata was a partially Japanese American living in the United States during World War II, a time when our country was rounding up citizens like her and putting them into camps in the desert as potential spies. It is likely that she escaped that fate by the skin of her teeth in the first place. Promoting a Buddhist healing system would most likely have been the final nail in her coffin. Once the word got out about how well Reiki worked, few cared about its origins. Fortunately for her, no one ever checked with the University of Chicago.
HOW THE REIKI SYSTEM BECAME DIVIDED
Upon Takata's death in December of 1980, a woman named Dr. Barbara Ray stood up and claimed that she was hand picked to succeed her as "Grand Master". Shortly after, Mrs. Takata's granddaughter, Phyllis Lei Furumoto stood up and proclaimed that she was the rightful heir, though clearly blood lineage has not played a role in Reiki's past. The thing that has never been resolved seems to be, the heir to what? It doesn't appear that the words "Grand Master" existed until Dr. Ray coined them. There is no record of Dr. Usui or Dr. Hayashi ever referring to themselves as "Grand Masters". Certainly the latter would have done so in the certificate he presented to Mrs. Takata upon making her a master. According to that certificate, she simply became, "one of the thirteen fully qualified as a Master of the profession". This certainly seems to suggest that in Reiki all masters are equal.
In recent years, some have also claimed to have "the only complete" system of Reiki. Our research has indicated that there are many forms of Reiki currently in use. I have taken great pains to research these different schools of Reiki and to obtain lineages back to as many as possible. The energy is essentially the same in every form, however differences do exist. Each master has a different consciousness, and consequently a different ability to carry the energy. My most complete attunement to date occurred with initiation into the direct Tibetan lineage of the energy by a student of a very accomplished Lama. This lineage is quite different in energetic make-up than the traditional "Tibetan" attunement that has spread throughout the United States in recent years. My research into the energy, however, continues.
This brings us to a very important point, money. Don't get tricked into paying extra for additional levels and symbols. Many masters use extra symbols and techniques which they have "found to enhance" the energy. That is perfectly fine and, in fact, desirable because it shows that the master is conscious of and continually trying to improve the service that he or she provides, but don't pay a great deal more for it. Reiki is one case in which you do not get what you pay for. Some of the world's best teachers are the lowest priced because they know how truly beneficial the energy is and want everyone to have access to it. The current cost for training generally falls in the range below.
First Degree (Reiki I): $75.00-200.00
Second Degree (Reiki II): $100.00-500.00
Third Degree/
Master Practitioner: $150.00-1,000.00
hird Degree (Reiki III)/
Master-Teacher: $500.00-10,000.00
Another thing to be aware of is the argument that high prices are necessary in order to impress the value of what you are receiving upon your consciousness. There is a great deal of truth to be found in that statement, but only believe it from the mouth of a master who offers a sliding scale or a small "token" fee. Three hundred dollars for a level may be a great deal for you to pay and make quite an impression upon you. Someone else, however, may spend that amount casually for dinner and drinks. Value is subjective. Try to keep that in mind when selecting a master. It will help you to determine if the person is genuinely concerned about the growth of their students, or just after a larger paycheck and using this principle to justify it.
Also, keep in mind that just as your time is valuable, so is the time of the master you are contacting for classes. Many masters set their class prices with that in mind. How honest a master is in telling you this is an excellent thing to use in evaluating their character.
FACTIONAL CONFUSION
Aside from the primary factions, many others exist on smaller levels within the Reiki community because, as we have already mentioned, Mrs. Takata was extremely intuitive and seems to have frequently adjusted the "rules" to the consciousness of the class or person she was teaching at the time. It is also known that she would occasionally change symbols for much the same reason.
For a long time, there were only a handful of masters and practitioners, and they were scattered primarily throughout the United States. Though their symbols were very similar, they were not exact and many of the masters felt strongly that the power of Reiki came from the knowledge of, and ability to precisely trace, the symbols. Since some masters had slightly different symbols and were, subsequently, passing them on to their students, one can imagine the confusion that was created as Reiki grew and people began to compare their symbols!
Actually, this time of confusion was quite fortunate in that it created a lot of discussion about how Reiki actually works. If the symbols were the key, why did so many variations of them have the same effect?
In reality, there are two main kinds of symbols. Symbols which serve primarily as tools of communication, and symbols whose inherent geometric and energetic structure effect energy, objects, and space exposed to them. Today, the predominant belief is that the Reiki symbols are the former. They serve several purposes. First, they provide an excellent focus of intent. This intent allows a Reiki practitioner to more effectively communicate what energy she or he wants to use during the healing. This communication occurs with many different levels of consciousness. Reiki encompasses all belief systems, so it matters very little if you believe that your communication is taking place with angels, guides, god, other levels of your self, or the consciousness expressed through the current. All are valid, and are simply expressions of energy. I believe many of these words reflect the same (or different aspects of the same) thing, looked at from different perspectives. Therefore to me, the communication can be occurring on all these levels and many more.
Although the Reiki symbols are not the kind which radiate energy because of their design, the symbols themselves still have a powerful pool of intent built up behind them. Added to their innate power, this pool is comprised of the Reiki energy from the intent of everyone who has ever used the symbols. It is why for many years they have been viewed as sacred. Many thought that people uninitiated to the energy could effect this pool of intent in negative ways. Only since their public release in a number of books has this been found to be in error. An attuned practitioner does, however, have the ability to tap into this pool of energy when they use the symbols, and they add Reiki energy to it each time they use them. Not long ago, I made a very concerted effort to determine the most used symbols so that I could integrate them into my classes. It was very important to me that I make available the most effective ones I could find.
Though the symbols vary from practitioner to practitioner, they are all very similar. Those familiar with one set can easily determine which symbol is which in the set of a practitioner from a different master or school. The consciousness which we communicate our intent to, which I will generally refer to as angels or Reiki angels from now on, has the same ease of recognition. Different symbols, attunements, or whatever can be used because the angels do all the work, as the masters and practitioners are simply pathways for the energy. As long as you are clear in your intent, in other words as long as your angels can tell what you are trying to do, the process gets carried out regardless of how poorly the symbols are traced, the words botched, or the "exact" procedure followed. Of course, it goes without saying that we should always do our best in tracing the symbols. Not only is this common courtesy, but it will also assist you in expressing your intent more clearly. This will make it much easier for your angels to work with, and though you.
Many of the masters which Mrs. Takata taught started other concepts which went on to have a life of their own, such as the idea of a required waiting time between attunements. Research suggests that when teaching, Mrs. Takata would often use her intuition to determine the level of her student's consciousness and its clarity. She made many of the people she taught wait before receiving their next attunement, but was also known to have initiated students through several levels all in one day. According to the official biography quoted earlier, it appears that she received her master attunement a very short time after being attuned to second degree.
As often happens, those who were made to wait, typically had their students wait, believing it was proper procedure. Those who were not, didn't for the same reason. Treatment procedure was another thing she extensively changed over time. Some people who took her classes were told to start at the head, others the feet. Some were even told to begin at the belly. The hand positions also appear to have gone through extensive modifications through the years.
SUMMARY
There is no question that Dr. Usui, Dr. Hayashi, and Hawayo Takata have introduced and popularized a system which has made a huge change in our world. Likewise, because of Reiki's continual growth, that change will only expand geometrically with time. They have given our planet one of the greatest gifts that we have known and we owe them a great debt of thanks for it. Second Degree students are often encouraged to send energy to each of them regularly, in thanks. Since Mrs. Takata's death, a great deal has been written about Usui Shiki Ryoho, or Reiki. Reiki is not about the words written in this book, nor any other. The only document known to exist within the system from Dr. Hayashi's time is Mrs. Takata's master certificate. Just as it now appears that the gospels were written years after the death of Jesus, so it appears that a similar condition is beginning to occur within the Reiki community. Keep in mind that nearly everything you read in this and many other books about Reiki was written years after her transition.
Try to avoid the literal and take the stories of Reiki as what they are, inspirational messages. They are important. As important as any myth, but they are not the absolute truth and shouldn't be taken as such. We have been left with one of the world's most effective healing energies and a lineage of very loving and devoted individuals who lived their lives spreading it throughout the world. The important thing is that we recognize the spirit present in these stories, and attempt to do them justice in our own lives. Learn from them. Give them, and the energy, the respect which they deserve.